Manipulation of human history by microbes.
Identifieur interne : 001E36 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001E35; suivant : 001E37Manipulation of human history by microbes.
Auteurs : Richard G. Wax [États-Unis]Source :
- Clinical microbiology newsletter [ 0196-4399 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
The convergence of the microbial and human worlds provides us with everyday essentials for the survival of our species, and in turn, this interaction brings painful and tragic consequences from pathogens. Looking back, it can be seen that microbes have also changed our history. Were it not for a pathogen that halted an Assyrian military campaign, we might have no Judaism, Christianity, or Islam. Microbes were there to aid adversaries in bringing about the fall of the great Greek and Roman empires. George Washington's bold orders to inoculate the Colonial Army against smallpox (20 years prior to Jenner's discovery of vaccination) were one of the most significant actions in saving the American Revolution from an early and unsuccessful end. Without the yellow fever virus and its accomplice, Aedes aegypti, those living in what was the Louisiana Territory might now have French as their native language. The potato blight caused by Phytophthora infestans changed the histories of both Ireland and those countries (especially the United States) to which victims of the famine emigrated. At the outbreak of World War I, when England was separated from its European source of acetone (needed for the navy's supply of cordite), British citizens had to make do with less gin, but acetone was available thanks to the growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum in those fermentation vessels.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2006.12.004
PubMed: 32287679
PubMed Central: PMC7124314
Affiliations:
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Wax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pfizer Global Research, Groton, Connecticut.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pfizer Global Research, Groton</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical microbiology newsletter</title><idno type="ISSN">0196-4399</idno><imprint><date when="2007" type="published">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The convergence of the microbial and human worlds provides us with everyday essentials for the survival of our species, and in turn, this interaction brings painful and tragic consequences from pathogens. Looking back, it can be seen that microbes have also changed our history. Were it not for a pathogen that halted an Assyrian military campaign, we might have no Judaism, Christianity, or Islam. Microbes were there to aid adversaries in bringing about the fall of the great Greek and Roman empires. George Washington's bold orders to inoculate the Colonial Army against smallpox (20 years prior to Jenner's discovery of vaccination) were one of the most significant actions in saving the American Revolution from an early and unsuccessful end. Without the yellow fever virus and its accomplice, <i>Aedes aegypti,</i> those living in what was the Louisiana Territory might now have French as their native language. The potato blight caused by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> changed the histories of both Ireland and those countries (especially the United States) to which victims of the famine emigrated. At the outbreak of World War I, when England was separated from its European source of acetone (needed for the navy's supply of cordite), British citizens had to make do with less gin, but acetone was available thanks to the growth of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> in those fermentation vessels.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32287679</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0196-4399</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>29</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2007</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Clinical microbiology newsletter</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Clin Microbiol Newsl</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Manipulation of human history by microbes.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>9-16</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2006.12.004</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The convergence of the microbial and human worlds provides us with everyday essentials for the survival of our species, and in turn, this interaction brings painful and tragic consequences from pathogens. Looking back, it can be seen that microbes have also changed our history. Were it not for a pathogen that halted an Assyrian military campaign, we might have no Judaism, Christianity, or Islam. Microbes were there to aid adversaries in bringing about the fall of the great Greek and Roman empires. George Washington's bold orders to inoculate the Colonial Army against smallpox (20 years prior to Jenner's discovery of vaccination) were one of the most significant actions in saving the American Revolution from an early and unsuccessful end. Without the yellow fever virus and its accomplice, <i>Aedes aegypti,</i> those living in what was the Louisiana Territory might now have French as their native language. The potato blight caused by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> changed the histories of both Ireland and those countries (especially the United States) to which victims of the famine emigrated. At the outbreak of World War I, when England was separated from its European source of acetone (needed for the navy's supply of cordite), British citizens had to make do with less gin, but acetone was available thanks to the growth of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> in those fermentation vessels.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wax</LastName><ForeName>Richard G</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pfizer Global Research, Groton, Connecticut.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2007</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Clin Microbiol Newsl</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7909253</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0196-4399</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2007</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2007</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32287679</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2006.12.004</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0196-4399(06)00052-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7124314</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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